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Mail:
USSCF
211 Radcliffe Street
Bristol, PA 19007
Phone: 215-785-1922
Fax: 215-788-8395
(1) SIGN VISIBILITY,
Research and Traffic Safety Overview (89p)
Overview of basic safety factors affecting on-premise
signs plus a compendium of research data from all
sources to date of issue. Pennsylvania Transportation
Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 1996. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(2) SIGN LEGIBILITY, The
Impact of color and Illumination (80p)
Results of test track studies into detection and
legibility of on-premise signs. Basis for USSC Legibility
Index. Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania
State University, 1998. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(3)
REAL WORLD ON-PREMISE SIGN VISIBILITY, The Impact
of the Driving Task on Sign Detection and Legibility (56p)
Results of real world driving tasks and conditions impacting
on-premise sign detection and legibility. Comparison
of real world and test track results, indicating significant
differences. Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania
State University, 2002. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(4)
SIGN VISIBILITY, Effects of Traffic Characteristics
and Mounting Height (64p)
Through use of computer simulation and mathematical models,
the significant sight line blocking of low mounted ground
signs is documented. Charts illustrate the degree of sight
line blockage in varied traffic flow scenarios. Pennsylvania
Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania State University
2003. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(5) TRAFFIC
SAFETY STUDY, An Examination of the
Relationship between Signs and Traffic
Safety (80p)
Examines the relationship between the presence of signs
and traffic accidents through an intensive mile by mile
analysis of the New Jersey Turnpike, one of the most highly
traveled roads in the United States. Essentially, a thorough
statistical analysis relating sign density to accident
density concluded that roadside signs have no statistical
relationship to the occurrence of accidents. An additional
study involving the relationship of accident data to the
existence of an animated sign at a highly congested urban
intersection indicated the same uncorrelated relationship
between the existence of the sign and accidents rates over
a two year period. Tantala Associates, Consulting Engineers,
2003. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(6)
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ON-PREMISE SIGN LIGHTING, With
Respect to Potential Light Trespass, Sky Glow, and Glare. (26p)
Addresses the actual and perceived effect of varied
types of illuminated signs on the dispersion of light
in the nighttime environment, concluding that on-premise
signs have minimal effect when current norms of measurment
for light trespass, sky glow, and glare are employed.
Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania
State University, 2004. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(7)
RELATIVE VISIBILITY OF INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY
ILLUMINATED ON-PREMISE SIGNS (24p)
Examines differences in both visibility and legibility
between internally illuminated and externally illuminated
(including dimensional) on-premise signs. Extensive day
and night field tests now confirm that internal sign illumination,
on average, provides 40% greater visibility and 60% greater
legibility than that provided by external sign illumination.
Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania State
University, 2004. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(8)
DRIVER INFORMATION LOAD (4p)
Current research findings regarding the presence of roadside
signs and their potential impact on driver performance.
Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania State
University, 2003. Click here to
order.
$5.00 (USSC Members, NC)
(9)
SIGN LEGIBILITY, Overview and Calculation Methodology,
Sign Legibility Index (6p)
Tabular Legibility Index based on 1998 research study of
Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, plus calculation
methodology for traffic speed and negative space factors.
United States Sign Council, 1998. Click here to
order.
$5.00 (USSC Members, NC)
(10) GUIDELINE
CODE FOR REGULATION OF ON-PREMISE SIGNS (28p)
Comprehensive model of suggested means appropriate for
local regulation of on-premise signs, including definitions,
general sign types, size computation methodologies, area
limitations and calculation charts, and specific regulation
of sign types by zone. United States Sign Council, 2001. Click here to
order.
$15.00 (USSC Members, NC)
(11)
UNITED STATES SIGN COUNCIL BEST PRACTICES STANDARDS
FOR ON-PREMISE SIGNS (48p)
A research based approach to sign size, legibility, and
height. Amply illustrated with tables, charts, and mathematical
formulae designed to facilitate the calculation of sign
letter height and copy area, negative space, overall sign
size, and sign height as functions of the speed of travel
utilizing the application of such factors as message size,
message scan time, viewer reaction time and distance, and
copy area; all presented in easy to understand language
and simple tables or formulas. United States Sign Council,
2003. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC members, $10.)
(12)
ELECTRONIC MESSAGE CENTER RESEARCH REVIEW (32p)
A definitive, up-to-date synopsis of currently available
research concerning the use, function, safety, and regulation
of Electronic Message Center signs. With the increasing
popularity of this type of sign display among on-premise
sign users, the study provides a credible resource designed
to answer questions from both users and regulators alike
about this technology, as well as to help dispel a good
deal of misinformation relative to the effectiveness
and safety of Electronic Message Centers. The volume
includes an annotated bibliography as well, allowing
for the provision of documentation of any sources referenced. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC members, $10.)
(13)
ON-PREMISE SIGNS: THE IMPACT OF ZONING REGULATION ON
SITE PERFORMANCE (36p)
A pioneering effort to categorically establish the link
between adequate on-premise signs and business success.
In a study of 88 mass retailers, representing over 68,000
retail sites throughout the United States, the study
clearly demonstrates a straight line relationship between
business performance and adequate on-premise sign size,
height, location, color, and position, documented by
charts and first person interviews. In one telling criteria
alone, for example, on-premise signs were adjudged to
represent 91.6% of the potential for a retail site’s
performance! United States Sign Council, 2005. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC members, $10.)
(14)
ON PREMISE SIGNS: DETERMINATION OF PARALLEL SIGN
LEGIBILITY AND LETTER HEIGHTS (20p)
Provides legibility values for signs parallel to a motorist's
point of view which are inherently more difficult to
read than perpendicular signs which are mounted directly
in front of the motorist. Based on current research,
the study provides a mathematical model that makes it
possible to calculate the additional letter heights necessary
to provide for adequate parallel sign legibility. This
model can easily be applied to the current USSC Legibility
Standards and Legibility Index (See 11 above, United
States Sign Council Best Practices Standards for On-Premise
Signs) so that letter heights developed for perpendicular
signs form the basis for the larger letter heights necessary
for paralllel signs under similar roadside conditions.
The publication offers formulae for calculation of the
parallel letter heights as well as easy-to-use letter
height lookup tables for many typical parallel sign scenarios.
United States Sign Council Foundation 2006. Click here to
order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(15)
THE SCIENCE OF SIGN ZONING (Compact Disk)
A useful
compendium of selected USSC research publications in PDF
form designed to facilitate development of performance
oriented community sign systems based on empirical scientific
research. Click here for description of contents of the
CD and ordering information. Click here for more info/order.
$25.00
(USSC Members, $10.)
(16) INTERNALLY ILLUMINATED SIGN LIGHTING, Effects on Visibility and Traffic Safety (20p)
A comparison of the daytime and nighttime visibility of on-premise internally illuminated signs, utilizing seven different levels of internal sign illumination displayed to subjects of varying age groups in a controlled test track environment, and concluding with a scientific evaluation of the impact of varying sign brightness levels on the nighttime visibility of internally illuminated signs, and the consequent safety effects of varying sign brightness levels in terms of driver reaction time and distance. Click here to order. Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 2009.
$25.00 (USSC Members. $10.)
(17) INTERNAL vs. EXTERNAL ON-PREMISE SIGN LIGHTING, Visibility and Safety in the Real World (26p)
Real world field study evaluating the difference in visibility and legibility between internal and external on-premise sign illumination utilizing signs in actual roadside environments identical in all design aspects except for the method of illumination. Conclusions demonstrated that under real world conditions, internally illuminated signs performed significantly better than the 40 to 60 percent advantage shown by previous test track studies, providing an average 70 percent visibility and driver reaction time advantage, correlating into quantifiable traffic safety benefits accruing to the internal method of sign illumination. Click here to order. Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 2009.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(18)
ON-PREMISE SIGN ILLUMINATION (Compact Disk)
Compendium of five USSC research studies relating to on-premise sign illumination and electronic message center usage under a wide variety of environmental conditions. Click here for description of contents of the CD and ordering information. (Compact Disk)
$25.00
(USSC Members, $10.)
(19) LED Signs - A Technical Overview (10pp)
Details an overview of the science behind the Light Emitting Diode (LED); the LED rules for listing under the National Electric Code; and the LED rules for installation in electrical signs. Click here to order. USSC 2009
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
(20) On-Premise Sign Lighting...Terms, Definitions, Measurement (27pp)
Provides: (1) An examination of the role and function of on-premise signs as part of motorist wayfinding and situational awareness systems in terms of traffic safety implications (2) A comprehensive means, including equations and charts, for measuring the light output of on-premise signs directed at achieving optimum levels of visibility, legibility, and safety in any nighttime environment, and (3) A glossary of relevant lighting terms and definitions. Click here to order.
$25.00 (USSC Members, $10.)
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